The Social Construction of Threats. The Iran Nuclear Crisis as a Textbook Example for Jack Mezirow’s Transformative Learning Theory

Perception matters for research and analysis because the image of a state (non-state actor) as aggressive and the perceptions of its intentions as aggressive are mutually reinforcing. We will use an interdisciplinary perspective combining political science and adult education research, which we believe has the potential for further policy advice

Der Umgang mit der sozialen Differenz Körper am Beispiel einer Beratungsstelle für Mädchen mit Essstörungen

In der Forschungsarbeit von Saskia Bock, Susanne Benzel und Stephanie Warlies wurde der Frage nachgegangen, wie in einer Beratungsstelle für Mädchen mit Essstörungen mit sozialen Differenzen umgegangen wird. Dabei wurde der Fokus auf den Körper als sozialer Differenz gelegt. Im Sinne des Intersektionalitätsansatzes wurden außerdem weitere soziale Differenzlinien miteinbezogen und deren Wechselwirkungen näher untersucht. Der Fragestellung wurde anhand eines Experteninterviews in Kombination mit einer Dokumentenanalyse nachgegangen

Cued Retrospective Reporting: Measuring Self-Regulated Learning

Van Meeuwen, L. W., Brand-Gruwel, S., Kirschner, P. A., De Bock, J. J. P. R., & Van Merriënboer, J. J. G. (2012, april). Cued retrospective reporting: Measuring self-regulated learning. Paper presented at the AERA annual meeting, Vancouver, B. C.Self-regulated learning (SRL) skills are especially important in professions where the half-life of initial training and education is short and where knowledge and skill obsolescence is quick. An example of just such a profession can be found in the constantly evolving field of Air Traffic Control (ATC), and thus SRL skills are essential for ATC trainees. If Air Traffic Controllers are to become and remain competent we must gain insight into how ATC trainees regulate their learning during task performance, how the acquisition of SRL skills can be stimulated, and thus how this can be measured. This study examines the use of cued retrospective reporting to measure learners’ SRL activities during the execution of complex ATC tasks. Results show that cued retrospective reporting is a workable method for measuring an extensive collection of regulation activities of ATC trainees. Further, relation between ATC task performances and SRL activities and other relating learner characteristics (i.e. Self-directed learning skills and the learners self-efficacy beliefs) were found.Knowledge & Development Centre, Mainport Schipho

Long-term psychological distress in breast cancer survivors and their matched controls:A cross-sectional study

Introduction: Breast cancer survivors often experience psychological distress shortly after diagnosis. Long-term psychological effects, however, have not been clearly demonstrated. Methods: This cross-sectional cohort study included 350 breast cancer survivors and 350 age-matched and general-practitioner-matched women. The median follow-up was 10 years. Using logistic regression we compared breast cancer survivors with controls on having (severe) symptoms of depression and/or anxiety, as measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. In multivariable logistic regression, we adjusted the results for a history of depression or prescription of antidepressants. Results: Larger proportions of breast cancer survivors experienced symptoms of depression (10.6%) compared with controls (4.9%) and symptoms of anxiety (18.6%) compared with controls (16.3%). The odds of symptoms of depression (OR 2.3, 95%CI 1.3-4.2), severe symptoms of depression (OR 3.3, 95%CI 1.1-10.3) and severe symptoms of anxiety (OR 2.1, 95%CI, 1.1-4.0) were significantly higher for breast cancer survivors than for controls, even after adjusting for history of depression or prescription of antidepressants. No significant difference was seen for mild symptoms of anxiety. Conclusions: Breast cancer survivors have an increased risk of symptoms of depression, including severe symptoms, and severe symptoms of anxiety compared with controls, for up to at least 10 years after diagnosis

Self-directed learning in adaptive training systems: A proposition for shared control

Van Meeuwen, L. W., Brand-Gruwel, S., Van Merriënboer, J. J. G., Kirschner, P. A., & De Bock, J. J. P. R. (2010, April). Self-directed learning in adaptive training systems: A proposition for shared control. Poster presented at 1st International Air Transport and Operations Symposium. Delft, The Netherlands.In aviation, Air-Traffic Control professionals must be able to adapt to continuing changes in technologies. Professionals in such an environment must learn how to act upon the changes and they must learn how to maintain expertise to meet the skills required in the changed situation. As a consequence they should be able to indentify and study learning materials that fit their learning needs and meet their set learning goals. Learners are called self-directed learners when they can formulate own learning needs, set own learning goals, and can identify human and material resources for an optimal learning process. These skills can be defined as selfdirected learning (SDL) skills and training of these skills is desired. We focus on SDL skills learners need to develop and we plead for a shared controlled adaptive training system which can support the development of these skills.Kenniscentrum Mainport Schipho

Processes mediating expertise in air traffic control

Van Meeuwen, L., Jarodzka, H., Brand-Gruwel, S., Van Merriënboer, J. J. G., De Bock, J. J. P. R., & Kirschner, P. A. (2010, August). Processes mediating expertise in air traffic control. Meeting of the EARLI SIG6/7 Instructional Design and Learning and Instruction with Computers, Ulm, Germany.Air traffic control (ATC) involves dealing with complex visualizations. Making decisions based on those visualizations requires not only conceptual but also perceptual skills, like efficient visual search of critical airplane compositions, their quick and correct interpretations, and the appropriate reactions. This study will examine expertise differences in perceiving and interpreting ATC stimuli on a perceptual and conceptual level. Moreover, the potentially mediating influence of spatial abilities will be investigated. ATC Performance, eye movements, verbal reports, and spatial ability will be obtained from experts, intermediates, and novices.Kenniscentrum Mainport Schipho

Expertise development for a visual task: Eye movements, verbal reports, and spatial abilities in air traffic control

Van Meeuwen, L. W., Jarodzka, H., Brand-Gruwel, S., Kirschner, P. A., De Bock, J. J. P. R., & Van Merriënboer, J. J. G. (2011, August). Expertise development for a visual task: Eye movements, verbal reports, and spatial abilities in air traffic control. Poster presented at the 16th European Conference on Eye-Movements, Marseille, France.Errors in Air Traffic Control (ATC) are a risk to human life hence, air traffic controllers have to make fast and correct decisions. These decisions are based on complex visualizations of a surrounding area (figure 1). These visualisations are complex because they involve representations of many moving airplanes including their labels with crucial information (i.e., call sign, speeds, heading, etc.). Despite of increasing air traffic, live of people must not be at risk, so further understanding the causes for successful air traffic controllers as well as understanding the difficulties of less experienced air traffic controllers is crucial. Such findings may inform user interface designers and instructional designers in ATC. Hence, this study examined how experts, intermediates, and novices in ATC perceive and interpret ATC stimuli on a perceptual level (by means of eye-tracking) and on a performance level. Furthermore, the potentially mediating influence of spatial abilities was investigated. ATC decisions and a potential mediating influence of spatial abilities was investigated.KDC mainport Schipho

Expertise differences in air traffic control: An eye-tracking study

Van Meeuwen, L. W., Jarodzka, H., Brand-Gruwel, S., Kirschner, P. A., De Bock, J. J. P. R., & Van Merriënboer, J. J. G. (2012, April). Expertise differences in air traffic control: An eye-tracking study. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting 2012, Vancouver, B. C.Air traffic control (ATC) involves dealing with complex visualizations. Making decisions based on those visualizations requires not only conceptual but also perceptual skills, like efficient visual search of critical airplane compositions, their quick and correct interpretations, and the appropriate reactions. This study examined expertise differences in perceiving and interpreting ATC stimuli on a perceptual and performance level. Moreover, the potentially mediating influence of spatial abilities was investigated. Expertise differences were found between experts, intermediates and novices in ATC performance and eye movements. No expertise differences were found in spatial ability.Knowledge & Development Centre, Mainport Schipho

Self-Directed Learning in Adaptive Training Systems: A Plea for Shared Control

In the field of aviation, air traffic controllers must be able to adapt to and act upon continuing changes in a highly advanced technological work environ- ment. This position paper claims that explicit training of self-directed learning skills (i.e. the ability to: formulate own learning needs, set own learning goals, and identify learning tasks that help to achieve personal learning goals) is important for future professionals in aviation. In this paper, we present an adaptive training system in which the system and trainee share control over learning task selection and which can help trainees to develop their self- directed learning skills